ResumoO sistema concentrado e abstrato de controle político da época. O presente artigo busca ques- constitucionalidade da Áustria no período entre institucional da Corte Constitucional na Cons- da Verfassungsnovelle (reforma Constitucional) da época, não tendo, do mesmo modo, contem- Palavras-chave: origens e desenvolvimento; modelo austríaco de controle de constituciona- |
AbstractThe concentrated and abstract model of judicialreview (Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit) of Austrian origin is seen in the Brazilian doctrine as an example of an efficient model for the protection of fundamental rights. According to the national doctrine, and unlike the American model, the construction of the Austrian model would have also been eminently rational and thus disconnected from the historical and political context of the time. The article seeks to analyze these two premises by studying the origins and the initial development of the Austrian Constitutional Court in the period between the end of the World War I and 1929. The text is divided into three fundamental parts: in the introduction, we first review the historical and political context that preceded the advent of the Austrian Constitution of 1920, which created the Constitutional Court. We then analyze the institutional design of the Constitutional Court in the 1920 Constitution. Finally, we discuss the changes arising from the Verfassungsnovelle (Constitutional reform) of 1929. We conclude that, first, the Austrian constitutional jurisdiction (Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit), contrary to the Brazilian doctrine, did not stem from the mere theoretical work of Hans Kelsen, but mainly from the historical and political context of the time, and, second, that it did not contemplate a system of protection of fundamental rights, but a model of protection of the federative order. Keywords: Rui Barbosa; history of political and
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Marcus Flávio Horta Caldeira